Written by the Progyny Editorial Team. Reviewed by Dr. Jennifer Trachtenberg — June 2025.
As your child steps into the school-age years, we’re here to support you with guidance and insight into what’s ahead. It’s important to keep in mind that children do vary in development during this transition. If you have any concerns, reach out to your pediatrician.
Academic
By the time they start school, most children will be able to sustain extended attention to tasks. Reading and language skills become stronger, and they’ll be able to express themselves more verbally. Early school years are also where children may begin to show signs of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or learning disabilities. If your child is having a hard time learning in a typical classroom, their pediatrician can suggest a screening to help find out why.
Emotional
As children get older, they will develop stronger emotional management. Tantrums tend to happen less often, and with good examples from adults, kids will start to use words to share how they feel. They can experience stressors related to school that can impact academic performance or behavior at home. Stress may manifest as physical symptoms such as stomachaches or headaches. Teaching children coping mechanisms can help them manage their emotions more effectively as they get older.
Physical
As children approach puberty, they often become more aware of their bodies.
Some may even show early signs of puberty, known as precocious puberty, which occurs before about age 8 in children assigned female at birth or age 9 in those assigned male at birth. In these cases, a pediatrician can help determine the cause and whether any treatment is needed.
On average, puberty begins between ages 8 and 13 for children assigned female at birth, typically starting with breast development. Menstruation usually begins around age 12, about two years later. For children assigned male at birth, puberty usually starts between ages 9 and 14, often beginning with growth of the testicles and penis.
Social
In the early school years, children start building social skills and learning how to form relationships. They also begin to understand the difference between right and wrong, so it’s important for adults to model positive behavior.
Children start off as more literal thinkers and struggle with gray areas. Clear, direct communication can prevent misunderstandings. During this time, they may also express interest in exploring their identity whether it’s dressing differently, finding new hobbies, or changing social circles. Your support is key to ensuring that your child feels like they can safely explore who they are.
Progyny is here for you. Please contact your Progyny Care Advocate for support.