Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team — December 2025.
Pregnancy loss, sometimes called miscarriage or spontaneous abortion, is the most common complication of early pregnancy. It affects about 1 in 5 clinically recognized pregnancies and refers to the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation.
Causes
Most losses are a one-time event and do not affect your chances of becoming pregnant in the future.
The most common cause is a random chromosomal problem in the embryo, known as chromosomal aneuploidy. These changes usually happen by chance and are not caused by anything you did.
Less common causes include:
- Differences in the shape of the uterus, such as a uterine septum
- Certain blood-clotting conditions
- Hormonal conditions, including thyroid disease
Symptoms
Vaginal bleeding is the most common sign. Cramping may also occur. While bleeding can be alarming, it is relatively common in early pregnancy, and many people who experience first-trimester bleeding go on to have healthy pregnancies.
How it is diagnosed
If you have bleeding during pregnancy, contact your doctor. Your care team may perform a physical exam and an ultrasound to better understand what is happening and evaluate the pregnancy.
Treatment options
There are several ways to manage a pregnancy loss. The best approach depends on your medical situation and, when it is safe to do so, your preferences.
Options may include:
- Expectant management: Allowing the pregnancy tissue to pass on its own, often used in the first trimester
- Medical management: Using medication to help the uterus expel the pregnancy tissue
- Dilation and curettage: A minor surgical procedure to remove pregnancy tissue from the uterus
Your doctor will consider factors such as how far along the pregnancy was, the amount of bleeding, and your preferences.
Emotional support
The emotional impact can be significant. Many people and couples experience grief comparable to the loss of a child. Open conversations with your doctor about both physical symptoms and emotional well-being can help you access the support and resources you need.
Progyny is here for you, too. Please contact your Progyny Care Advocate for support.
Disclaimer: The information provided by Progyny is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical guidance.