Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team. Reviewed by Progyny Clinical Team - December 2025.
Male infertility is common, and it can be stressful. Fortunately, treatments are available. Working with a reproductive urologist (a doctor who specializes in male fertility and sexual health) may be an important step in your fertility journey.
Let's go over why you may seek out a reproductive urologist and talk about what to expect with your first visit.
Causes of male infertility
Infertility is often due to sperm-related issues:
- Low sperm count
- Low sperm movement
- Sperm that is not the typical size or shape
These issues may be caused by:
- Structural issues such as a varicocele (swollen vein in the testicle) or blockages within tubes that carry sperm
- Hormone issues affecting sperm production
- Medical conditions including obesity, diabetes, and an undescended testicle
- Genetic conditions including Klinefelter's syndrome and cystic fibrosis
- Environmental factors such as substance use, chemotherapy, and radiation
When to see a reproductive urologist
Often, infertility doesn't have signs or symptoms that you can feel or see. Other times, you may have problems with sexual function, pain or swelling in the testicle, breast growth, or less facial or body hair than expected.
People may see a specialist if they have had:
- Trouble conceiving after trying for 1 year
- Pregnancy loss
- An infertility diagnosis (or think they may have one)
- Cancer treatments
What to expect during your first visit
Your doctor will talk with you about your goals, health history, and lifestyle. You'll have a physical exam, including the genital area. Your doctor will also talk about tests that may be done.
Getting ready for your visit
To get ready and make the most of your time, please bring:
- Results from semen analysis, if already done
- Recent medical records and tests
- A list of all medicine and supplements you take
Be sure to ask your doctor's office if there is anything else you can do to prepare.
Tests to diagnose infertility
Your doctor will recommend testing, which may include:
- Semen analysis to test sperm
- Bloodwork to check hormone levels
- Genetic testing
- Sperm DNA testing to look for damage
- Ultrasound of the scrotum
Based on your test results, personal situation, and family goals, your doctor will talk with you about possible treatments. These may include medicine, fertility treatment with a partner, surgery, and donor sperm.
Meeting with a reproductive urologist and going through a family building journey can bring up a lot of questions. Be sure to reach out to your Progyny Care Advocate for guidance at any time.
Disclaimer: The information provided by Progyny is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical guidance.
